They began publicizing it on the data archive StatLib and the s-news mailing list in August 1993. It was named partly after the first names of the first two R authors and partly as a play on the name of S. In 1991, statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, embarked on an S implementation. As a dialect of the Lisp language, Scheme was created by Gerald J. Many programs written for S run unaltered in R. Designed for statistical analysis, the language is an interpreted language whose code could be directly run without a compiler. S was created by Rick Becker, John Chambers, Doug Dunn, Jean McRae, and Judy Schilling at Bell Labs around 1976. R is an open-source implementation of the S programming language combined with lexical scoping semantics from Scheme, which allow objects to be defined in predetermined blocks rather than the entirety of the code.
Multiple third-party graphical user interfaces are also available, such as RStudio, an integrated development environment, and Jupyter, a notebook interface. Precompiled executables are provided for various operating systems. It is written primarily in C, Fortran, and R itself (partially self-hosting). The official R software environment is an open-source free software environment within the GNU package, available under the GNU General Public License. As of March 2022, R ranks 11th in the TIOBE index, a measure of programming language popularity, in which the language peaked in 8th place in August 2020. Users have created packages to augment the functions of the R language.Īccording to user surveys and studies of scholarly literature databases, R is one of the most commonly used programming languages used in data mining. Created by statisticians Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman, R is used among data miners, bioinformaticians and statisticians for data analysis and developing statistical software. R is a programming language for statistical computing and graphics supported by the R Core Team and the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
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